This report was led and reviewed by Sandeep Bhattacharya, senior public management specialist (tax),  Asian Development Bank (ADB), and written by Selcuk Caner, tax research expert, former International  Monetary Fund senior economist and ADB consultant. We wish to thank Bruno Carrasco, director general,  Climate Change and Sustainable Development Department, ADB; and Hiranya Mukhopadhyay, director,  Public Sector Management and Governance Sector Office (Central and West Asia and Knowledge  Solutions) Sectors Group, ADB, for providing strategic guidance and comments in the development of this  document. We are grateful to Janet Stotsky, tax policy expert and former International Monetary Fund staff  as well as ADB consultant, for peer reviewing the document and providing invaluable comments. We thank  Yolanda Lommen, advisor, Climate Change and Sustainable Development Department, ADB, for her  detailed review of the draft and valuable editorial suggestions.