Government-led economic reform programs have been an important vehicle to improve the lives of Egyptian citizens. This case study describes one of these programs, which reduced energy subsidies to enable the government to channel more investment into the human capital sectors – health, education, and social protection.

This program not only provided a reliable source of funding to build Egypt’s human capital but also supported longer-term economic stability. In its continued efforts to build human capital, the Government of Egypt must consider the challenges that the country is facing, especially its high fertility level and inequalities in access to services of decent quality. Therefore, this study includes an action plan to help the Egyptian government to continue making productive investments in human capital and to reach the inclusive development goals articulated in its 2030 Vision.