The Human Capital Index is a collaboration between the Human Development Practice Group and the

Development Economics Group of the World Bank. The 2020 update was led by Roberta Gatti and Aart

Kraay and produced by Paul Corral, Nicola Dehnen, Ritika D’Souza and Juan Mejalenko. Noam Angrist,

Syedah Aroob Iqbal, and Harry Patrinos updated the Harmonized Test Score outcomes. We are grateful

to Pablo Ariel Acosta, Rita Kullberg Almeida, D. H. C. Aturupane, Anne Margreth Bakilana, Tekabe Ayalew

Belay, Paolo Belli, Livia M. Benavides, Kamel Braham, Fadila Caillaud, Carine Clert, Jorge Coarasa, Gabriel

Demombynes, Heba Elgazzar, Sameh El-Saharty, Stefan Emblad, Lire Ersado, Antonio Giuffrida, Inaam

Ul Haq, Susanna Hayrapetyan, Samira Ahmed Hillis, Camilla Holmemo, Keiko Inoue, Timothy Johnston,

Pierre Joseph Kamano, Olga Khan, Christophe Lemiere, Yasuhiko Matsuda, Muna Meky, Sophie Naudeau,

Dorota Agata Nowak, Emre Ozaltin, Aleksandra Posarac, Maria Laura Sanchez Puerta, Hnin Hnin Pyne,

Jamele P. Rigolini, Rafael Rofman, Cristina Isabel Panasco Santos, Aparnaa Somanathan, Lars Sondergaard,

Michel Welmond, William Wiseman, Ruslan Yemtsov and Xiaoqing Yu for careful data review.