Food, fromstaple cereal grains to high protein legumes and oilseed crops, is central to human development and well-being (Misselhorn et al., 2012); however, the complexity of global food security is challenging and will be made more so under climate change. The world continues to face huge difficulties in securing adequate food that is healthy, safe, and of high nutritional quality for all (Redden et al., 2014a). Considering the complexity of climatic change, the crop, plants, and livestock are inherently affected by too much or too little water, too high or too low temperatures, the length of the growing season, seasonal variation, other climatic extremes, etc.

从主要谷类谷物到高蛋白豆类和油籽作物，粮食是人类发展和福祉的核心（Misselhorn等人，2012年）；然而，全球粮食安全的复杂性具有挑战性，在气候变化的情况下，这种复杂性将变得更大。世界在确保人人享有健康、安全和高营养质量的充足食物方面继续面临巨大困难（Redden等人，2014a）。考虑到复杂性

在气候变化中，作物、植物和牲畜天生就受到水分过多或过少、温度过高或过低、生长季节长度、季节变化、其他极端气候等因素的影响。