This classic book on formal languages, automata theory, and computational complexity has been updated to present theoretical concepts in a concise and straightforward manner with the increase of hands-on, practical applications. This new edition comes with Gradiance, an online assessment tool developed for computer science.

Gradiance is the most advanced online assessment tool developed for the computer science discipline. With its innovative underlying technology, Gradiance turns basic homework assignments and programming labs into an interactive learning experience for students. By using a series of “root questions” and hints, it not only tests a student’s capability, but actually simulates a one-on-one teacher-student tutorial that allows for the student to more easily learn the material. Through the programming labs, instructors are capable of testing, tracking, and honing their students’ skills, both in terms of syntax and semantics, with an unprecedented level of assessment never before offered.

这本关于形式语言、自动机理论和计算复杂性的经典书籍已经更新，以简洁明了的方式介绍理论概念，并增加了实际操作的应用。这个新版本附带了Gradiance，一个为计算机科学开发的在线评估工具。

Gradiance是为计算机科学学科开发的最先进的在线评估工具。凭借其创新的底层技术，Gradiance将基本的家庭作业和编程实验变成了学生的互动学习体验。通过使用一系列的 "根问题 "和提示，它不仅可以测试学生的能力，而且实际上模拟了一对一的师生辅导，使学生更容易学习材料。通过编程实验室，导师能够测试、跟踪和磨练学生的技能，包括语法和语义方面，提供前所未有的评估水平。