The vicissitudes of climate change can often hit the hardest and be felt most profoundly in conflict-aected and fragile contexts, which suer high vulnerability and low investments in coping capacity and adaptation. The first line in addressing climate-related security risks must be ambitious, inclusive mitigation and a just transition to low carbon pathways. However, for many of the most vulnerable countries globally, on the front lines - including conflict-aected and fragile contexts - adaptation remains the imperative of today and to come. Both mitigation and adaptation are underpinned and delimited by climate finance ambition, but there has been little work specifically focused on contexts aected by conflict and fragility and their access to climate finance. 

While additional mechanisms are in place to support the least developed countries (LDCs), income level is not the only salient frame of reference. Around 70 percent of fragile states are LDCs; some 50 percent of LDCs are also included in the World Bank’s Harmonized List of Fragile Situations.1 There are distinct gaps and dierences to be noted in the way that conflict and fragility may aect access to and implementation of climate finance on the one hand and how its implementation may interact with drivers of fragility and insecurity, on the other. 

This study by UNDP, the Climate Security Mechanism and the Nataij Group sets out to address these gaps and focuses on: (i) Trends in access to climate finance in conflict-aected and fragile contexts; (ii) Gaps and opportunities to leverage the co-benefits of climate action for peace and security; (iii) Strategies for mainstreaming climate-related security risks into climate finance; and (iv) Lessons learnt, good practices, and recommendations on how to make climate finance work more eectively in contexts aected by conflict and fragility.