Although the effects of climate change on economic output and financial stability havereceived considerable attention in public discourse, scholarly literature, and policy discussions, theinteractions between climate change and income, wealth and health inequality1 have received farless discussion. However, it is increasingly likely that climate change will not only have importanteffects on economic output, but that it will have profound effects on the geographic,socioeconomic, and demographic distribution of output. This paper presents a literature review ofexisting evidence on mechanisms by which climate change can affect economic inequality in theUnited States. First, we review whether risks from climate change affect populations and regionsdifferently. Second, we consider whether institutions and policies around climate risk may havedifferential effects in different regions and on different communities. Finally, we identify openquestions and gaps in the literature that could benefit from additional exploration and research.