The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has a populationof around 650 million people. Its electricity consumption hasbeen projected to more than double between 2018 and 2040, reachingabout 2000 TWh per annum (ASEAN Centre for Energy, 2020). Electricitygeneration in ASEAN is dominated by fossil fuels, with natural gasand coal accounting for around 78% of the total in 2018. ASEAN's “aspirationaltarget” is to expand the share of renewables in the total primaryenergy supply (excluding traditional biomass) to 23% by 2025 (ASEANCentre for Energy, 2020). However, on the current trajectory, this targetis likely to be missed (International Renewable Energy Agency, 2018).