African countries want to become major competitors in the global economy. Socioeconomicdevelopment inevitably leads to an increase in energy demand. Some Africancountries are considering nuclear power as an alternative, clean source of energy. Othersalready use nuclear technologies in medicine, industry and agriculture. Yet others are atvarious stages of embarking on establishing or expanding their nuclear programmes. WithAfrica supplying 14% of the world’s uranium and with no foreseeable shortages, pursuingnuclear power is a viable option. International nuclear vendors and vendor countries will beinvolved in these nuclear programmes owing to a lack of local vendors in Africa. This paperconsiders the following vendor countries: Russia, the US, France, South Korea and China.Vendors and host countries will face typical challenges related to nuclear builds, such asthe expense. However, in Africa these projects will also face unique challenges such ascorruption and small electrical grids. In addition, vendors will be working in socio-economicand geopolitical circumstances that are complicated and uncertain.