In 2010, Section 4002 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA. P.L. 111-148, as amended) established a new Prevention and Public Health Fund (PPHF).1 Prior to enactment, public health advocates had sought a guaranteed federal investment in prevention and wellness that was not subject to the annual appropriations process.2 The PPHF ACA Section provides a permanent annual mandatory appropriation,3 to provide for expanded and sustained national investment in prevention and public health programs to improve health and help restrain the rate of growth in private and public sector health care costs.This CRS report provides an overview of the PPHF since ACA enactment, including its legislative and policy history. The report also provides an analysis examining whether the PPHF has provided for expanded investment in public health and prevention as authorized in statute.PPHF appropriations are mandatory spending meaning that the authorizing law that establishes the PPHF also provides an appropriation of funds each fiscal year. The annual appropriation is permanent, meaning that the law is to provide an annual appropriation