The assessment of Kiribati’s primary health care (PHC) system, carried out by the World Bank in collaboration with the Government of Kiribati under the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI), marks a unique opportunity to identify the system’s strengths and gaps and to catalyze further improvements. The PHCPI tools, including the Vital Signs Profile (VSP) methodology, provide important insights into the country’s PHC system and generate actionable policy recommendations for improvements.Methodology Built on the belief that PHC is the cornerstone of sustainable development, the PHCPI has supported Kiribati and other countries in efforts to improve their PHC systems through measurement. PHCPI teams work closely with governments and development partners that are looking to strengthen PHC; they help governments analyze data and provide the information and support they need to drive evidence-based improvements.