This publication examines an alternative way to provide education more efficiently and effectively through public–private partnerships (PPPs). PPPs are a mechanism by which governments procure and implement public services using expertise and resources from the private sector. Although PPPs in education are prone to loss of public control and authority, and risk exacerbating segregation, they have the following advantages: risk control and efficient financing, flexibility, and variety in options, revving up reform and enhancing equity for vulnerable groups. PPP can be examined in terms of government policy toward private schools, not just in the form of contracts or agreements. When using PPP to plan national education policies, it is very useful to regard private schools’ policy as PPP. It can contribute to a clear understanding of the role of private schools and the direction of national education policy. Analytical review can also reveal how educational opportunities and changes in quality, diversity, and accountability reflect government policy toward private schools.