Some of these definitions may differ from international standards and have been applied after consultations with local stakeholders.Youth There are multiple definitions for “youth.” Based on consultations with local experts, in Togo “youth” refersto people aged 35 or younger. For consistency with otherstudies, thisreport refers to “youth” as working age individuals below the age of 35 (i.e., aged 15 to 34 years old).Employment Outcomes Because a job lens was applied to the value chains, three dimensions of employment outcomes were considered: more jobs (job creation), higher quality jobs (productivity, earnings, sustainability, and drudgery), and more inclusive jobs (accessible to youth and women).Under this framework, employment includes all individuals engaged in any activity intended to produce goods and services in exchange for remuneration or profit, even for just one hour over the preceding seven days, and those individuals having worked without remuneration for another member of the household during the preceding seven days.Wage Employment and Self Employment Wage-employed workers are individuals who have declared being employed by an employer outside the household and are paid (either with or without a contract, in cash or in-kind). Self￾employed workers are people working on their own account, with one or more partners or in a cooperative without employees.