Economic integration of the African continent rests on two  pillars: the ratification of an ambitious trade agreement  and massive investment in transportation infrastructure. Leveraging a newly created city-level database on African  exporters’ transport times, transport route optimization and  general equilibrium modeling of international trade, the  paper quantifies the impact of greater trade and transport  integration in Africa. A pan-African agreement, such as  the African Continental Free Trade Area, would increase  African countries’ exports by an average of 3.4 percent and  increase gross domestic product by 0.6 percent. Comple￾menting trade integration by reducing transportation time  on roads, ports and border posts would increase exports  by 11.5 percent and increase gross domestic product by 2  percent. Major transport investments are necessary to reap  the full benefits of the African Continental Free Trade Area.