State participation in economic activity is not new. Ownership or control of  commercial firms by the government is more widespread in countries with a history  of central planning, but it can be found around the world. In recent years, we have  observed a renewed upswing in the use of state-owned companies to achieve various  objectives.

The reasons for this renewed enthusiasm for state firms among country policy  makers are diverse, and some have clear merit—at least conceptually. State-owned  enterprises have been traditionally mobilized to tackle natural monopolies and strategic  sectors with national security implications, and to ensure universal access to services. 

These roles could become more valuable at a time when new technologies are strengthening network effects and widening digital divides.