Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, published 24 November 1859, is a seminal work of scientific literature considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Its full title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. For the 6th edition of 1872, the short title was changed to The Origin of Species. Darwin's book introduced the theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection, and presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose through a branching pattern of evolution and common descent. Charles Darwin的《物种起源》发表于1859年11月24日，是科学文献的一项开创性工作，被认为是进化生物学的基础。它的全称是关于通过自然选择的物种起源，或在争夺生命的斗争中保护受欢迎的种族。1872年第6版的简称改为《物种起源》。达尔文的书介绍了种群通过自然选择的过程在几代人的过程中进化的理论，并提出了一系列证据，证明生命的多样性是通过进化的分支模式和共同血统产生的。