Innovation in the field of payment and settlement systems continued apace in 2022, with a steady rise seen in payment services provided by fintech companies and Big Tech, as well as in the usage of the Open Banking System. This has further expanded the role of central banks in ensuring the safety and security of payment and settlement systems and in providing stable support for the innovation of the payment and settlement field. In the international community, discussions on the introduction of CBDCs and the regulation and oversight of stablecoins have gained momentum.