As the global supply chains and multinational firms have grown to account for fourfifths of world trade and one-third of global GDP, the distribution of trade gains has become increasingly complicated (UNCTAD, 2020; Cadestin et al., 2018). In addition, with COVID-19 and the war between Ukraine and Russia having affected the structure of the global value chains, the trade environment surrounding Korea is undergoing rapid change. With its dependence on external trade1) being about 85% in 2021, Korea is significantly influenced by external conditions. Amid today’s growing uncertainty, it is necessary to examine the country’s trade structure from various perspectives in order to conduct a correct assessment of its economic conditions and implement appropriate policies.