Human-related emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) have increased globally over time. These increasing emissions contribute to a changing climate. Many governments are taking steps to reduce, or mitigate, GHG emissions in an effort to lessen the potential impacts of climate change. Governments commonly pair these mitigation efforts with broad executive or parliamentary guidance setting future emissions targets or trajectories. This report analyzes two types of such guidance: (1) emission reduction targets reported in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement (PA), and (2) domestic legislation aimed at achieving net-zero emissions, referred to as net-zero legislation. Net-zero emissions or net-zero refers to situations where human-caused GHG emissions are balanced by removal of GHG from the atmosphere, including by natural storage in forests and other ecosystems and technological removal and storage.NDCs are the primary communication of how Parties to the PA are seeking to achieve the agreement’s goals. NDCs reflect countries’ own national climate objectives and plans, including emission reduction goals, climate change adaptation plans, and other elements. All NDCs must address GHG emissions reductions and list quantifiable GHG emission reduction targets, with flexibility for some countries as to when. Many countries requesting financial assistance include two sets of targets: unconditional targets using a country’s own resources, and additional, more ambitious targets that are conditional on international support.