Title II of the Farm Bill authorizes several US Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs that provide financial incentives and technical support for increasing environmental protection on working agricultural lands and for taking lands prone to degradation out of use.

Although the focus of these programs for many years in the past was mainly on soil and water conservation and other traditional environmental objectives, the focus changed markedly to reducing agricultural greenhouse gas (ag-GHG) emissions with the appropriation of billions of dollars specifically for reducing ag-GHG emissions in the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act.