Despite Latin America accounting for only 8 percent of the global population and 6.5 percent of global economic output, the region possesses several characteristics that will be influential in the coming decades.1 Notably, Latin America’s role in global critical mineral reserves is remarkable. The region is responsible for 40 percent of the world’s copper production and 35 percent of lithium production, among others.2 As the rapid expansion of green technology and the green transition relies on these critical minerals, the region stands to gain significant economic and political advantages by ensuring a reliable supply of these minerals to the global economy, thereby elevating its role in the process.3 The countries examined in this study—Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru—represent 35 percent of the region’s population and 40 percent of its economic output, and thus greatly shape the economic reality of the region.4