Structural change has long been at the core of economic development debates. However, thegender implications of structural change are still largely unexplored. This paper helps to fill thisgap by analyzing the role of structural change in the gender distribution of sectoral employmentin sub-Saharan African countries. I employ aggregate and disaggregate measures of gendersectoral segregation in employment on a panel database consisting of 10 sectors and 11 countriesduring 1960–2010. Fixed effects and instrumental variables’ regression models show asignificant, non-linear link between labor productivity and gender segregation. Increasing laborproductivity depresses gender segregation at initial phases of structural change. However, furtherproductivity gains beyond a certain threshold of sectoral development increases gendersegregation. Country-industry panel data models complement the analysis by consideringrelative labor productivity as a determinant of sectoral feminization. The estimates suggest thatmanufacturing, utilities, construction, business, and government services are key to correcting gender biases in employment along the process of structural change.