Good afternoon, Chairwoman Sinema, Ranking Member Cruz, and distinguished members of the subcommittee. Thank you for inviting me to testify on the funding and financing of infrastructure at our nation’s airports. Billions of dollars are spent every year on infrastructure at U.S. airports; aviation connects our country by moving millions of people and hundreds of millions of pounds of cargo every day. In the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Reauthorization Act of 2018, Congress directed the Secretary of Transportation to engage an independent research organization to consider issues concerning the status of airport infrastructure and issues of funding and finance at commercial service airports.3 The FAA awarded the contract to RAND to conduct this study. My remarks today are drawn from our study, published in January 2020.4 I will focus my discussion on highlighting how needs, available resources, and the impacts of the coronavirus pandemic differ across airports of different types and sizes. Our recommendations, which I detail below, include increasing the Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) cap and indexing it to inflation, removing the automatic doubling of Airport Improvement Program (AIP) entitlements, and establishing a rainy day reserve for the Airport and Airway Trust Fund (AATF).