According to the American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI), trucking companies accrued over 17 billion total operating miles in 2019; 20.1% of them were empty miles (up from 16.6% in 2018). With an overall cost per mile of $1.65, trucking companies spent $5.64 billion driving empty miles in 2019. Similarly, according to Eurostat, most Member States in the EU fell in the range between 15% and 30% empty journeys (percentage of vehicle-kilometres recorded as empty).