This report was prepared by a World Bank team led by Nkosinathi Mbuya and Gabriel Demombynes and comprising Sharon Faye A. Piza and Ann Jillian V.

Adona, all of whom contributed as coauthors for specific chapters. Regina Calzado and Jeramie Mercado Caballes provided administrative support throughout this study.

The local-level estimates of stunting in chapter 2 are based on the analytics of small-area estimation conducted by a team comprising Alemayeha Ambel, Kasper Brandt, and Thomas Pave Sohnesen. Chapter 4 is an abridged version of the analyses conducted as part of this study and also published as a Policy Research Working Paper by Mario V. Capanzana, Gabriel Demombynes, and Paul Gubbins. Chapter 5 is based largely on background work led by Felipe Dizon and Zetianyu Wang. Chapter 6 is an abridged version of research conducted as part of this study and published as a World Bank Health, Nutrition, and Population Discussion Paper with Nkosinathi Mbuya, Iman Sen, Gabriel Demombynes, and Varun Gauri as authors. Cecilia Acuin conducted the background review for and is coauthor for chapter 7; she also provided insightful comments on all of the chapters. Chapter 8 is based on a policy note prepared by a World Bank team led by Yoonyoung Cho and comprising Jorge Avalos, Yasuhiro Kawasoe, and Ruth Rodriguez.

Appreciated guidance throughout the execution of this study was given by the Nutrition Study Technical Advisory Group, comprising Mario Capanzana (director, FNRI), Ma. Anna Rita Ramirez (senior science research specialist, FNRI), Cielito Habito (professor, Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University), Bernie Flores (assistant secretary, NNC), Roehlano Briones (senior research fellow, PIDS), Joris van Hees (nutrition specialist, UNICEF), and Jutta Neitzel (head of programme, WFP). The team also benefited from inputs from Alejandro Herrin, Lubina Qureshy, Toby Monsod, Emmanuel Skoufias, Robert Oelrichs, Vida Gomez, Jed Friedman, Maribeth Villorente, Eeshani Kandpal, Anuja Kar, Steven Jaffee, and Eli Weiss. The authors are grateful to peer reviewers Dr. Azucena Dayanghirang (executive director, NNC), Alice Nkoroi (nutrition manager, UNICEF-Philippines), and Kyoko Shibata Okamura (nutrition specialist, World Bank) for providing technical guidance and a quality review of this report. The authors would also like to thank our government counterparts for their guidance and encouragement: Rosemarie Edillon (undersecretary, NEDA), Dr. Mario Capanzana (FNRI), Bernie Flores (assistant secretary, NNC), and Azucena Dayanghirang (executive director, NNC).

The government of Japan provided financial support for this work through the Japan Trust Fund for Scaling Up Nutrition.