This guidance is the result of a collaborative effort from the United States Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the United States National Security Agency (NSA), the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the United Kingdom National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-UK), the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), and the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-NZ). These cybersecurity authorities—herein referred to as “authoring organizations”—are aware that communities may seek cost-savings and quality-of-life improvements through the digital transformation of infrastructure to create “smart cities.” In this context, the term “smart cities” refers to communities that: