This report was produced by the World Bank team. Core members of the team who contributed to the research and drafting of the report are Bojana Naceva (Senior Education Specialist), Bojan Shimbov (Consultant), and Martin Galevski (Consultant). The team would like to recognize the guidance and support of Rita K. Almeida (Education Practice Manager for Europe and Central Asia), Indhira Santos (Senior Economist and Human Development Program Leader for Western Balkans), Thomas Poulsen (Senior Economist), and Sanja Madzarevic-Sujster (Senior Economist and TTL for North Macedonia Public Finance Review) and is grateful for their helpful comments on drafts of this note. The team is also grateful for the invaluable contributions and feedback from James Graham (Education Specialist), Joana Madjoska (Economist), and Viktor Mitevski (CEO, Association of Macedonian Young Researchers).