Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) technologies are an important solution for the decarbonisation of the global energy system as it proceeds down the path to net zero emissions. CCUS can contribute to the decarbonisation of the industrial and power generation sectors, and can also unlock technology-based carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) removal. However, its successful deployment hinges on the availability of CO 2 storage. For widespread CCUS deployment to occur, CO 2 storage infrastructure needs to develop at the same speed or faster than CO 2 capture facilities.

CO 2 has been injected into the Earth’s subsurface since the 1970s and dedicated CO 2 storage (where CO 2 is injected for the purpose of its storage and not for CO 2 -based enhanced oil recovery) has been occurring since 1996. There are seven commercial-scale dedicated CO 2 storage sites today, with more than 100 others in development. Lessons learned from these sites, along with research, pilot and demonstration projects, contribute to our understanding of CO 2 storage resources, their assessment and their development into CO 2 storage sites.