This case study was jointly developed by Paul Kriss (Lead Urban Specialist), Haruka Miki-Imoto

(Operations Officer), Hiroshi Nishimaki (Senior Urban Consultant), and Takashi Riku (Consultant,

Arthur D. Little).

This case study was requested by the Ministry of Finance (MoF) International Bureau and enriched by the contributions of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) Policy Bureau from the government of Japan, and city officials from Fukuoka City. From Fukuoka City, we particularly thank Kazuhiro Kubota (Executive Director, International Affairs Department, General Affairs & Planning Bureau). We thank Arthur D. Little for supporting the analysis and providing insights.

The team also thanks Kiyoshi Kodera (Senior Advisor) for his thought-provoking reviews and heartful support. The team gratefully acknowledges peer reviews and inputs from the following

World Bank Group colleagues: Clive G. Harris (Lead Infrastructure Specialist) and Marcel Ionescu-Heroiu (Senior Urban Development Specialist). The team thanks Masato Miyazaki (Special Representative for Japan) and Maitreyi B. Das (Practice Manager) for their advice and guidance. The team also thanks the guidance from Victor Mulas (Senior Urban Specialist and Tokyo Development Learning Center [TDLC] Program Manager) and the collaboration and support from the Quality Infrastructure Investment (QII) Trust Fund team, Darwin Marcelo (Senior Infrastructure Specialist), Clive G. Harris (Lead Infrastructure Specialist), and Naomitsu Nakagawa (Program Officer).

This case study could not have been completed without generous support from the government

of Japan to the TDLC Program.