More than 120 million motorcycles operate in Indonesia, of which an estimated 12,000 are electric motorcycles.

The numbers continue to grow. Motorcycles are used for private as well as commercial purposes including ride-hailing and delivery services. Electrification of motorcycles would result in improved air quality and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fuel imports, and noise. Indonesia therefore aims to increase the share of electric motorcycles or e-motorcycles.

The report focuses on Greater Jakarta, i.e., DKI Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi (JABODETABEK), and Bali. This allows for developing the characteristics required for a charging infrastructure for an urban area, as well as for a densely populated nonurban area. Results from these “typical” areas can then be extrapolated to other areas of the country, differentiating between urban and nonurban zones.

The total GHG emissions of Indonesia in 2016 were 1,458 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e).

Transport GHG emissions in 2018 are estimated at 154 MtCO2e, representing 16% of total emissions excluding land use change and forestry emissions, or 26% of energy emissions. Emissions from motorcycles are estimated to contribute around 20% of total transport emissions.

In its nationally determined contribution (NDC), Indonesia has committed to reduce its GHG emissions unconditionally by 29% compared to a business-as-usual scenario by 2030. To achieve this, Indonesia focuses on land use change and forestry emissions and the energy sector. E-mobility is on top of the political agenda in Indonesia to achieve the NDC target. The focus of the e-mobility strategy is on electric two-wheelers and on electrifying public transport buses.

Details on objectives, study focus, and climate change background can be found in Chapters 1–4.