A critical factor in the United States’ economic and military success has been the achievement of global leadership in advanced technology; however, the next administration will inherit the country’s most tenuous global position in this area since the Second World War. In today’s Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological change over the next 30 years will make the last 30 years look insignificant. The next administration will also deal with a dramatically shifting global landscape influenced by the long-term effects of the coronavirus pandemic and a Chinese government that is trying to rapidly erode U.S. technological advantages through legal and illegal means. Winning this generation-defining struggle for global leadership in advanced technology will not just affect the U.S. economy but will also shape the rest of the century for he entire world.