The Arab region exhibits a high dependency on shared water resources, with most Arab States relying on water supply shared with neighbouring Arab States or countries from outside the region. In fact, over one third of freshwater resources originate from outside the region’s borders. In terms of shared surface water, 14 out of 22 Arab States share a surface-water body.1 The region is also one of the most water scarce in the world. This scarcity manifests in the agricultural sector—a crucial source of food security and livelihoods in Arab States and the largest water consumer with an average of 80 per cent of freshwater resources throughout the region directed towards agricultural use.2 Projected climate change impacts on water availability will tend to exacerbate existing pressures on water resources. Findings from the Regional Initiative for the Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Socio-Economic Vulnerability in the Arab Region (RICCAR) indicate that temperatures are projected to increase by 1.2°C – 2.6°C by mid-century and up to 4.8°C by the end of the century, as well as increased spatial-temporal variability of precipitation. These factors significantly impact the quantity and quality of freshwater supply to all water-dependent sectors and in particular agriculture, threatening food security in the region.