• In order to achieve satisfactory mobile telephony coverage in Britain, telecommunications companies need to site their equipment on land belonging to others.

• The Electronic Communications Code regulates legal relationships between those companies, or others operating their equipment, and the landowners whose land is used or needed. The Code can be invoked to require landowners to accept the siting of equipment on their land, and to secure a judicial determination of the payments to be made to the landowner.

• Before 2017 agreements to site equipment tended to be consensual. That year a reform of the Code changed the basis of land valuation. This had the effect of reducing – often substantially – the payments to landowners. Since then, there has been much litigation, apparent ill-will, and consequential delays in reaching agreements, and hence in rolling out the most advanced telecommunications.