Operations and logistics are cornerstones of modern supply chains, which in turn are essential in global business and economics. The composition, character, and importance of supply chains and networks are rapidly changing, due to technological innovations such as Information and Communication Technologies, Sensors and Robotics, Internet of Things, Additive Manufacturing, and Cyber Physical Systems (often referred to as Industry 4.0). Societal developments such as environmental consciousness, urbanization, and optimal use of scarce resources also affect the way supply chain networks are configured and operated. As a result, future supply chains will not just be assessed in terms of costeffectiveness and speed, but also the need to satisfy agility, resilience, and sustainability requirements.

运营和物流是现代供应链的基石，而供应链又是全球商业和经济的基础。由于信息和通信技术、传感器和机器人技术、物联网、增材制造和网络物理系统（通常称为工业4.0），供应链和网络的组成、特征和重要性正在迅速变化。社会发展，如环境意识、城市化和对稀缺资源的最佳利用也会影响供应链网络的配置和运作方式。因此，未来的供应链不仅要评估成本效益和速度，还要考虑满足敏捷性、弹性和可持续性要求的需求。