This report was prepared by a team led by Yewande Awe with the core team comprising Bjorn Larsen and Ernesto Sánchez-Triana. The task team also included Santiago Enriquez and Shafick Hoossein. This report updates the “2020 Cost of Air Pollution” report by using health data for the Global Burden of Disease study published at the end of 2020.

The team would like to acknowledge, with thanks, the valuable advice and inputs of the following colleagues: Stephen Dorey, Fernando Loayza, Helena Naber, Katelijn Van den Berg, and Martin Heger (World Bank); and Maureen Cropper (Professor of Economics, University of Maryland). Editorial support was provided by Stan Wanat.

This report is a product of the Environment, Natural Resources, and Blue Economy Global Practice of the World Bank. This work was conducted under the supervision of Juergen Voegele (Vice President, Sustainable Development Practice Group); Karin Kemper (Global Director, Environment, Natural Resources, and Blue Economy); Richard Damania (Chief Economist, Sustainable Development Practice Group); Iain Shuker (Practice Manager, Africa, Environment, Natural Resources, and Blue Economy); and Christian Albert Peter (Practice Manager, Global Engagement, Environment, Natural Resources, and Blue Economy).